PD-L1
Also known as CD274
Tumour types
gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, urothelial carcinoma
CD274 encodes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein whose expression on tumor and/or immune cells is used as a predictive biomarker for checkpoint inhibitor response.
The clinically reported measure is protein expression level (Tumor Proportion Score or Combined Positive Score by IHC), not a DNA sequence variant.
Clinical significance
PD-L1 expression level, scored by a validated IHC assay, is used to inform eligibility and sequencing for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy across several tumor types; the specific scoring system and threshold are assay- and indication-specific.
fda — FDA-approved product labeling and companion diagnostic labeling
PD-L1 IHC assays differ across approved companion diagnostics; scores are not interchangeable between assay platforms without harmonization data.
pmc — PMC Open Access Subset, oncology literature
FDA-approved treatments
- Tecentriq (atezolizumab) — PD-L1-selected NSCLC and triple-negative breast cancer indications (assay- and indication-specific thresholds) [fda]
- Imfinzi (durvalumab) — Unresectable stage III NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy, and other PD-L1-relevant indications [fda]
- Opdivo (nivolumab) — PD-L1-expressing and PD-L1-unselected indications across NSCLC, urothelial carcinoma, gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, and other tumor types (assay- and indication-specific) [fda]
- Keytruda (pembrolizumab) — PD-L1-expressing NSCLC, urothelial carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma, and other PD-L1-selected indications (assay- and indication-specific thresholds) [ema]
Prevalence
PD-L1 expression thresholds and prevalence vary substantially by tumor type and assay; high PD-L1 expression (TPS >= 50%) is seen in approximately 25%-30% of NSCLC by validated companion diagnostic assays. [fda]
Tests / detection method
IHC
Therapeutic pipeline
- Next-generation immune checkpoint combinations (e.g., LAG-3, TIGIT co-blockade) (LAG-3 expression, TIGIT expression) [fda]
Recent news for PD-L1
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