BRAF
Also known as B-Raf
Tumour types
colorectal cancer, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer
BRAF encodes a serine/threonine kinase downstream of RAS in the MAPK pathway.
V600E is the predominant activating variant; other class II/III BRAF alterations exist but generally have lower sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors.
Clinical significance
BRAF V600E/V600K-mutant melanoma is eligible for BRAF plus MEK inhibitor combination therapy.
fda — FDA-approved product labeling for BRAF/MEK inhibitor combinations
In BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer, BRAF inhibitor combinations are used following progression on prior therapy, typically combined with anti-EGFR therapy.
pmc — PMC Open Access Subset, oncology literature
FDA-approved treatments
- Tafinlar (dabrafenib) — BRAF V600E/V600K-mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma, in combination with trametinib (Mekinist); BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic NSCLC, in combination with trametinib [fda]
- Braftovi (encorafenib) — BRAF V600E/V600K-mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma, in combination with binimetinib (Mektovi); BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer, in combination with cetuximab [fda]
- Zelboraf (vemurafenib) — BRAF V600E-mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma [fda]
Prevalence
BRAF V600E mutations occur in approximately 50% of cutaneous melanomas, 8%-15% of colorectal cancers, and 1%-3% of NSCLC. [fda]
Tests / detection method
PCR-based mutation assays, NGS
Therapeutic pipeline
- Class II/III BRAF-selective inhibitors targeting non-V600 alterations (non-V600 BRAF alterations) [fda]
Recent news for BRAF
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